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TB6537P/PG/F/FG
TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic
TB6537P/PG,TB6537F/FG
3-PHASE FULL-WAVE SENSORLESS CONTROLLER FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS
The TB6537P/PG/F/FG is a 3-phase full-wave sensorless controller for brushless DC motors. It is capable of controlling voltage through PWM signal input. When combined with various drive circuits, it can be used for various types of motors.
TB6537P/PG
Features
* * * * * * * * 3-phase full-wave sensorless drive PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources.) Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA Over-current protection function Forward/reverse modes Lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30) Built-in lap turn-on function Two types of PWM output (upper PWM and upper/lower alternate PWM)
TB6537F/FG
Weight DIP18-P-300-2.54D: 1.47 g (typ.) SSOP24-P-300-1.00: 0.32 g (typ.)
TB6537PG/FG: The TB6537PG/FG is a Pb-free product. The following conditions apply to solderability: *Solderability 1. Use of Sn-37Pb solder bath *solder bath temperature = 230C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux 2. Use of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder bath *solder bath temperature = 245C *dipping time = 5 seconds *number of times = once *use of R-type flux
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TB6537P/PG/F/FG
Block Diagram
VDD 10/13
PWM
3/3 PWM Control
11/14 OUT_UP
SEL_OUT
5/6
13/17 OUT_VP
SEL_LAP
6/8 Rotation Instruction Circuit
Turn-on Signal Forming Circuit Timing Control
15/21 OUT_WP
12/15 OUT_UN
CW_CCW
4/4
14/19 OUT_VN
16/22 OUT_WN LA0 1/1 Lead Angle Setting Circuit 2/2 Over-current Protection Circuit
LA1
17/23 OC
Clock Generator Circuit
Position Detection Circuit
18/24 WAVE
7/10 XT
8/11 XTin
9/12 GND
TB6537P/PG/F/FG TB6537P/TB6537F
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Pin Assignment
TB6537P/PG LA0 LA1 PWM CW_CCW SEL_OUT SEL_LAP XT XTin GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 WAVE OC OUT_WN OUT_WP OUT_VN OUT_VP OUT_UN OUT_UP VDD LA0 LA1 PWM CW_CCW NC SEL_OUT NC SEL_LAP NC XT XTin GND TB6537F/FG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 WAVE OC OUT_WN OUT_WP NC OUT_VN NC OUT_VP NC OUT_UN OUT_UP VDD
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Pin Description
Pin No. TB6537P/PG TB6537F/FG Lead angle setting signal input pin 1 1 LA0 I * * * 2 2 LA1 I * * LA0 = Low, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 0 LA0 = High, LA1 = Low: Lead angle 7.5 LA0 = Low, LA1 = High: Lead angle 15 LA0 = High, LA1 = High: Lead angle 30 Built-in pull-down resistor Symbol I/O Description
PWM signal input pin * 3 3 PWM I * * Inputs Low-active PWM signal Built-in pull-up resistor Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal High for 250 ns or longer is required. Rotation direction signal input pin 4 4 CW_CCW I * * * 5 NC High: Reverse (U W V) Low, Open: Forward (U V W) Built-in pull-down resistor
Not connected Pin to select the synthesis method of the burn-in signal and PWM signal
5
6
SEL_OUT
I
* * *
Low: Upper PWM High: Upper/Lower alternate PWM Built-in pull-down resistor
7
NC
Not connected Lap turn-on select pin
6
8
SEL_LAP
I
* * *
Low: Lap turn-on High: 120 turn-on Built-in pull-up resistor
7 8 9 10
9 10 11 12 13
NC XT XTin GND VDD

Not connected Resonator connecting pin * Selects starting commutation frequency. Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 ) Connected to GND. Connected to 5-V power supply. U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
17
11
14
OUT_UP
O
* *
U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 12 15 OUT_UN O * * 16 NC U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
Not connected V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin
13
17
OUT_VP
O
* *
V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High
18
NC
Not connected V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin
14
19
OUT_VN
O
* *
V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
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TB6537P/PG/F/FG
Pin No. TB6537P/PG TB6537F/FG 20 NC Not connected W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin 15 21 OUT_WP O * * W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin ON: Low, OFF: High Symbol I/O Description
W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin 16 22 OUT_WN O * * W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin ON: High, OFF: Low
Over-current signal input pin 17 23 OC I * * High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal that is performing PWM control. Built-in pull-up resistor
Positional signal input pin 18 24 WAVE I * * Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage. Built-in pull-up resistor
Functional Description
1. Sensorless Drive
On receipt of PWM signal start instruction turn-on signal for forcible commutation (commutation irrespective of the rotor position of the motor) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The rotation of the motor causes induced voltage on the winding wire pin for each phase. When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase are input on the respective positional signal input pins, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is automatically switched to the turn-on signal for the positional signal (induced voltage). Thereafter the turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to drive the brushless DC motor.
2. Starting commutation frequency (resonator pin and counter bit select pin)
The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator frequency and the number of counter bits (within the IC). + Starting commutation frequency fst = Resonator frequency fxt/(6 x 2 (bit 3)) bit = 14. The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using the inertia of the motor and load. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases. * The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases.
3. PWM Control
The PWM signal can be reflected in the turn-on signal by supplying the PWM signal from external sources. The frequency of the PWM signal should be set sufficiently high with regard to the electrical frequency of the motor and in accordance with the switching characteristics of the drive circuit. As positional detection is performed in synchronization with the rising edges of PWM signal, positional
Duty (max) 250 ns Duty (min)
250 ns
detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty.
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Even if the duty is 99%, the duty of the voltage applied to the motor is 100% owing to the storage time of the drive circuit.
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4. Selecting PWM Output Form
The PWM output form can be selected using SEL_OUT.
SEL_OUT = Low
Upper turn-on signal
Lower turn-on signal
Output voltage
SEL_OUT = High
Upper turn-on signal
Lower turn-on signal
Output voltage
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5. Positional Variation
Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with PWM signal, positional variation occurs in connection with the frequency of PWM signal. Be especially careful when the IC is used for high-speed motors.
PWM signal
Pin voltage
Pin voltage
Reference voltage
Positional signal
Ideal detection timing
Actual detection timing
Variation is calculated through detection at two consecutive rising edges of the PWM signal. 1/fp < Detection time variation < 2/fp fp: PWM frequency.
6. Over-current protection function
The active phase that controls the PWM is turned off by the rising-edge of the OC signal. The inactive phase is turned on by the timing of the next PWM signal.
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7. Lead Angle Control
The lead angle is 0 during the starting forcible commutation and, when normal commutation is started, automatically changes to the lead angle that was set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 in the starting forcible commutation as well as in normal commutation.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN U V W
30 degrees
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
22.5 degrees
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
15 degrees
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
8. Lap Turn-on Control
When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on angle is 120. When SEL_LAP = Low, the Lap Turn-on Mode starts. In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120 turn-on timing becomes longer (see the shaded area in the chart below) so as to create some overlap when switching turn-on signals. The lap time differs depending on the lead angle setting.
Induced voltage Turn-on signal (1) Lead angle: 0 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
U
V
W
(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
(3) Lead angle: 15 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
(4) Lead angle: 30 degree
OUT_UP OUT_UN OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP OUT_WN
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9. Start/Stop Control
Start/Stop operation is controlled using the PWM signal input pin. A stop is acknowledged when the PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when the ON-signal of a frequency four times higher than the resonator frequency or greater is input continuously.
Timing chart
PWM signal Detection timing
Start 512 periods at the resonator frequency PWM signal Detection timing
First detection
Second detection
Start
Stop 512 periods at the resonator frequency
First detection
Second detection and stop
Note: Take sufficient care regarding noise on the PWM signal input pin.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage Turn-on signal output current Symbol VDD Vin IOUT Rating 5.5 -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 20 TB6537P/ PG Power dissipation PD TB6537F/ FG 1.25 W 0.59 C C Unit V V mA
Operating temperature Storage temperature
Topr Tstg
-30 to 85 -55 to 150
Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = -30 to 85C)
Characteristics Power supply voltage Input voltage PWM frequency Oscillation frequency Symbol VDD Vin fPWM fosc Test Condition Min 4.5 -0.3 1.0 Typ. 5.0 16 Max 5.5 VDD + 0.3 10 Unit V V kHz MHz
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Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VDD = 5 V)
Characteristics Static power supply current Dynamic power supply current Symbol IDD IDD (opr) IIN-1 (H) IIN-1 (L) Input current IIN-2 (H) IIN-2 (L) VIN (H) Input voltage VIN (L) PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW GND WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT IOH = -1 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = 20 mA OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP IOH = -20 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN IOH = 1 mA OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 0 V IL (H) Output leak current IL (L) OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN VDD = 5.5 V, VOUT = 5.5 V OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN Output delay time tpLH tpHL PWM-Output 0.5 0.5 1 1 s 0 10 0 10 A GND V 4.0 VDD GND 4.3 VDD 0.6 V 1.5 Test Circuit Test Condition PWM = H, XTin = H PWM = 50% Duty, XTin = 4 MHz VIN = 5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U, SEL_LAP VIN = 5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT VIN = 0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW 3.5 WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT V Min -75 -1 Typ. 0.1 1 0 -50 50 0 Max 0.3 3 1 A 75 Unit mA mA
5
Input hysteresis voltage
VH
VO-1 (H)
VO-1 (L) Output voltage VO-2 (H)
0.5
VO-2 (L)
0.5
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Application Circuit Example
5V VM
VDD OUT_UP CPU PWM OUT_UN CW_CCW TB6537F/FG/P/PG OUT_VP OUT_VN OUT_WP 1 10 k 10 k 100 k 3 k 1 k 0.01 F 1 k 22 pF TA75393P/PG 200 GND 0.01 F TA75393P/PG 100 k OUT_WN 100 k x 3
H/L H/L H/L H/L
LA0 LA1 SEL_OUT SEL_LAP
OC XT WAVE 4 MHz XTin
Note 1: Utmost care is necessary in the design of the output, VCC, VM, and GND lines since the IC may be destroyed by short-circuiting between outputs, air contamination faults, or faults due to improper grounding, or by short-circuiting between contiguous pins. Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are an example provided for reference purposes only. Since the values may vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiments before the device is used.
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 1.47 (typ.)
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 0.32 (typ.)
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Notes on Contents
1. Block Diagrams
Some of the functional blocks, circuits, or constants in the block diagram may be omitted or simplified for explanatory purposes. The equivalent circuit diagrams may be simplified or some parts of them may be omitted for explanatory purposes. Timing charts may be simplified for explanatory purposes. The application circuits shown in this document are provided for reference purposes only. Thorough evaluation is required, especially at the mass production design stage. Toshiba does not grant any license to any industrial property rights by providing these examples of application circuits. Components in the test circuits are used only to obtain and confirm the device characteristics. These components and circuits are not guaranteed to prevent malfunction or failure from occurring in the application equipment.
2. Equivalent Circuits
3. Timing Charts
4. Application Circuits
5. Test Circuits
IC Usage Considerations
Notes on handling of ICs
[1] The absolute maximum ratings of a semiconductor device are a set of ratings that must not be exceeded, even for a moment. Do not exceed any of these ratings. Exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. [2] Do not insert devices in the wrong orientation or incorrectly. Make sure that the positive and negative terminals of power supplies are connected properly. Otherwise, the current or power consumption may exceed the absolute maximum rating, and exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. In addition, do not use any device that is applied the current with inserting in the wrong orientation or incorrectly even just one time.
Points to remember on handling of ICs
(1) Back-EMF
When a motor rotates in the reverse direction, stops or slows down abruptly, a current flow back to the motor's power supply due to the effect of back-EMF. If the current sink capability of the power supply is small, the device's motor power supply and output pins might be exposed to conditions beyond maximum ratings. To avoid this problem, take the effect of back-EMF into consideration in system design.
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